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Nutrients 2018 Jul 19;10(7):921. great read see entire review

  • 1.  Nutrients 2018 Jul 19;10(7):921. great read see entire review

    Posted 09-16-2022 12:19
    See entire article in Nutrients 2018 Jul 19;10(7):921.



    Review
     
    . 2018 Jul 19;10(7):921.
     doi: 10.3390/nu10070921.

    l-Citrulline Supplementation: Impact on Cardiometabolic Health

    Timothy D Allerton Timothy.Allerton@pbrc.edu." href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30029482/#affiliation-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">1David N Proctor dnp3@psu.edu." href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30029482/#affiliation-2" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2Jacqueline M Stephens jsteph1@lsu.edu." href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30029482/#affiliation-3" target="_blank" rel="noopener">3Tammy R Dugas tammydugas@lsu.edu." href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30029482/#affiliation-4" target="_blank" rel="noopener">4Guillaume Spielmann gspielmann@lsu.edu." href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30029482/#affiliation-5" target="_blank" rel="noopener">5 gspielmann@lsu.edu." href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30029482/#affiliation-6" target="_blank" rel="noopener">6Brian A Irving brianairving@lsu.edu." href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30029482/#affiliation-7" target="_blank" rel="noopener">7 brianairving@lsu.edu." href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30029482/#affiliation-8" target="_blank" rel="noopener">8
    Affiliations 
      • PMID: 30029482
        Free PMC article

    Abstract

    Diminished bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO), the gaseous signaling molecule involved in the regulation of numerous vital biological functions, contributes to the development and progression of multiple age- and lifestyle-related diseases.

    While l-arginine is the precursor for the synthesis of NO by endothelial-nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), oral l-arginine supplementation is largely ineffective at increasing NO synthesis and/or bioavailability for a variety of reasons. l-citrulline, found in high concentrations in watermelon, is a neutral alpha-amino acid formed by enzymes in the mitochondria that also serves as a substrate for recycling l-arginine. Unlike l-arginine, l-citrulline is not quantitatively extracted from the gastrointestinal tract (i.e., enterocytes) or liver and its supplementation is therefore more effective at increasing l-arginine levels and NO synthesis.


    Supplementation with l-citrulline has shown promise as a blood pressure lowering intervention (both resting and stress-induced) in adults with pre-/hypertension, with pre-clinical (animal) evidence for atherogenic-endothelial protection. Preliminary evidence is also available for l-citrulline-induced benefits to muscle and metabolic health (via vascular and non-vascular pathways) in susceptible/older populations.

    In this review, we examine the impact of supplementing this important urea cycle intermediate on cardiovascular and metabolic health outcomes and identify future directions for investigating its therapeutic impact on cardiometabolic health.

    Keywords: adipocytes; aging; arginine; cardiovascular disease; diabetes; endothelial function; enterocytes; flow mediated dilation; hypertension; immune cells; inflammation; insulin resistance; interventions; liver; mitochondria; muscle; nitric oxide; obesity; supplements; therapeutics; watermelon.

    Conflict of interest statement

    The authors declare no conflict of interest.

    Figures

     


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    Charles Crow
    cardiac Rehab nurse
    Ascension
    Birmingham
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  • 2.  RE: Nutrients 2018 Jul 19;10(7):921. great read see entire review

    Posted 09-16-2022 13:50
      |   view attached
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    Charles Crow
    cardiac Rehab nurse
    Ascension
    Birmingham
    ------------------------------